研究揭示个体对疫苗反应差异的原因_疫苗

美国国立卫生研究院John S. Tsang研究组近日取得一项新成果。他们发现健康个体对疫苗的反应与系统性狼疮患者病理表现的共有特征基础是广泛的免疫激活。2020年2月24日，国际学术期刊《自然—医学》在线发表了这一成果。

研究人员揭示了基线血液转录特征，其可预测健康受试者对流感和黄热病疫苗的抗体反应。对这些相同特征的临床静止期评估发现，其与系统性红斑狼疮伴浆母细胞相关性耀斑患者的病理特征相关。

对流感疫苗免疫应答高或低的健康人的82种表面蛋白和53,201个单细胞转录组CITE-seq分析显示，该特征反映了浆细胞样树突状细胞I型IFN-T / B淋巴细胞网络中的活化程度。该发现揭示了调节此类免疫基线可以改善疫苗反应性并减轻不良自身免疫反应。

研究人员表示，个体对疫苗接种和疾病的反应差异很大，这可能部分是由于基线免疫变异所致。免疫应答的基线预测因子及其生物学基础对于癌症免疫治疗、疾病诊治、疫苗接种和感染应答的潜在重要性具有广泛的意义。

附：英文原文

Title: Broad immune activation underlies shared set point signatures for vaccine responsiveness in healthy individuals and disease activity in patients with lupus

Author: Yuri Kotliarov, Rachel Sparks, Andrew J. Martins, Matthew P. Mul, Yong Lu, Meghali Goswami, Lela Kardava, Romain Banchereau, Virginia Pascual, Anglique Biancotto, Jinguo Chen, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, Neha Bansal, Candace C. Liu, Foo Cheung, Susan Moir, John S. Tsang

Issue&Volume: 2020-02-24

Abstract: Responses to vaccination and to diseases vary widely across individuals, which may be partly due to baseline immune variations. Identifying such baseline predictors of immune responses and their biological basis is of broad interest, given their potential importance for cancer immunotherapy, disease outcomes, vaccination and infection responses. Here we uncover baseline blood transcriptional signatures predictive of antibody responses to both influenza and yellow fever vaccinations in healthy subjects. These same signatures evaluated at clinical quiescence are correlated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with plasmablast-associated flares. CITE-seq profiling of 82 surface proteins and transcriptomes of 53,201 single cells from healthy high and low influenza vaccination responders revealed that our signatures reflect the extent of activation in a plasmacytoid dendritic cell–typeI IFN–T/B lymphocyte network. Our findings raise the prospect that modulating such immune baseline states may improve vaccine responsiveness and mitigate undesirable autoimmune disease activity.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0769-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0769-8